七年级下册必须掌握的9大语法点大汇编!
<p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;"> 今天,小简老师要和大家分享的是新人教版七年级下册全部语法点,这样的归纳总结希望对你的英语学习有帮助,希望同学们本学期的英语学习能从量的积累到质的飞越,取得突出进步!</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700;"></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px; text-align: center;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700;">一. 情态动词can的用法</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">can+动词原形,它不随主语的人称和数而变化。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">1. 含有can的肯定句:主语+can+谓语动词的原形+其他。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">2. 含有can的否定句:主语+can't+动词的原形+其他。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">3. 变一般疑问句时,把can提前:Can+主语+动词原形+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+can。否定回答:No,主语+can't.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">4. 含有can的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其他?</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">I can speak English.→I can't speak English.→Can you speak English? →What can you speak?</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px; text-align: center;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700;">二. what time和when引导的特殊疑问句</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">1. 询问钟点时用what time,询问日期、月份、年份时用when。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">2. What's the time?=What time is it?现在几点了?</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">3. 时刻表达法:顺读法和逆读法。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">顺读法:“钟点+分钟”直接读数字。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">如:7: 05 seven five;8:16 eight sixteen</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">逆读法:借助介词past或to表示,要先说分再说钟点。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">a. 当分钟不超过30分钟时(包括30分钟),即<或=30,用past表示。其结构为:“分钟+past+整点” 意为“几点过几分”。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">如:1:25 twenty-five past one</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">b. 当超过30分钟时,即>30,用to表示。其结构为:“所差分钟(即60—所 过分钟数)+to+下一个整点”,to译成“差”,差几分钟到几点。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">如:4:38 twenty-two to five</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">c. 当分钟为30分钟用half表示,当分钟为15分钟用a quarter。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px; text-align: center;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700;">三. how引导的特殊疑问句</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">1. how 引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式,其答语分三种情况:</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">a. take a/an/the+交通工具(单数)</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">b. by+交通工具(单数)</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">c. on/in+限定词+交通工具</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">---How do you go to school every day?</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">---I take a bus to go to school every day./I go to school by bus every day./I go to school on the bus every day.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">2. how far 用来提问距离,多远,其答语分为两种:</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">(1)用长度单位表示:It is five kilometers.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">(2)用时间表示:It’s twenty minutes’walk.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">3. how long 用来提问时间,意为多久回答常用“for+段时”。</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">----How long have you learnt English?</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">----For 3 years.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">4. how soon 用来提问做完某事还需要多长时间, 用于将来时态, 常用“in+时间段”来回答。</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">----How soon will you arrive in Beijing? ----In 3 hours.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px; text-align: center;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700;">四. 祈使句</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">祈使句一般表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等。一般以动词原形开头,句末可以用感叹号或句号。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">1. 肯定的祈使句:</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">(1) 实义动词原形+其他 :Please look at that boy.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">(2) be动词原形+形容词+其他:Be quiet, please.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">2. 否定的祈使句:</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">(1) Don’t+实义动词+原形 Don't stand there.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">(2) Don’t be+形容词+其他 Don't be so noisy.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">(4) No+n./V-ing</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">No photos. 不许照相。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">No talking. 不许谈话。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px; text-align: center;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700;">五. 现在进行时</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">现在进行时指当前时间正在发生的动作。常与now,at this moment,listen,look等词连用。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">谓语动词结构:be+动词ing形式</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">They are having class.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">He is eating lunch.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">变为否定句直接在be动词之后加not,其他不变;变为一般疑问句直接把be动词提到句首,其他不变。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">They are having class.→They are not having class.→ Are they having class?</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">He is eating lunch.→ He is not eating lunch. → Is he eating lunch?</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px; text-align: center;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700;">六. There be结构</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">1. There be句型主要用以表达“某处有某人(某物),强调存在”其基本结构为“There be+某物(某人)+某地”,有时为了强调地点,也可把地点状语放在句首。</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">There is a book on the desk.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">On the desk there is a book.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">2. have表示“某人拥有某人或某物,强调拥有和所属关系”。</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">The man has two cars.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">3. There be句型中的就近原则,即be和距其最近的主语保持一致。</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">There are some pens and a book on the floor. =There is a book and some pears on the floor.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px; text-align: center;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700;">七. 选择疑问句</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">选择疑问句是指说话人提出两种或以上的情况,让对方选择是哪一种,两个选择部分用or连接。选择疑问句不用yes或no来回答,直接在两个选择里选一个回答。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">---Is she tall or short? ---She is tall.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">---Can you play the piano or play the guitar? ---I can play the piano</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px; text-align: center;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700;">八. 名词</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">1. 名词单数变复数规则</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">在英语里面,名词分可数名词(countable noun)和不可数名词(uncountable noun)。不可数名词没有单复数之分,用时只当单数词用;可数名词有单复数之分,一个的前面要用a或an,eg: a pencil, a basketball, a dictionary, an egg, an ID card,而复数即两个或两个以上的要作相应的变化,情况如下:</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">(1)一般的词在单数词后直接+“s”</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">book→books,pen→pens,car→cars,map→maps,cartoon→cartoons</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">(2)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词+“es”</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">box→boxes,watch→watches</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词去掉“y”,改成“i”,再加“es”</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">family→families,comedy→comedies</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">(4)以f或fe结尾的词,先去掉f或fe,改成“v”再加es</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">knife→knives,wife→wives,handkerchief→handkerchieves</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">(5) 特殊词,特殊变化,需单独记:</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">child→children,man→men,foot→feet,woman→women</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">tooth→teeth,sheep→sheep,deer→deer</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">2. 既是可数名词又是不可数名词的单词</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">chicken当“鸡肉”讲时是不可数,当“小鸡”讲时可数;</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">room当“空间”讲时不可数,当“房间”讲时可数;</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">fish当食物用“鱼、鱼肉”讲时不可数,当“鱼的种类”讲时可数;</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">hair泛指“毛发”时不可数,当“一根或几根毛发”讲时可数;</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">sound意思是“一般性的声音”时,不可数,指“一次发出的声音”时可数;</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">paper当“纸”讲时不可数,当“试卷”、“论文”、“证件”讲时可数;</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">time当“时间”讲时不可数,当“时代、倍数、次数”讲时可数;</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">exercise泛指“锻炼”时不可数,当“练习、做操”讲时可数</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px; text-align: center;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700;">九. 一般过去时</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">一般过去时表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态(与现在无关) 。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等过去具体时间状语连用。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">He was here just now.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">他刚才还在这里。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">What did you do yesterday?</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">你昨天做了什么事?</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">一般过去时基本结构</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">1. 肯定句形式:主语+动词过去式+其他</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">I was an English teacher one year ago.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">一年前我是一名英语老师。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">I bought a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">昨天下午我买了一条黄裙子。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">2. 否定句形式:①was/were+not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">I wasn't an English teacher one year ago.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">一年前我不是一名英语老师。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">I didn't buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">昨天下午我没买一条黄裙子。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">3. 一般疑问句:①was/were提到句首; ②Did+主语+动词原形+其他?</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">Were you an English teacher one year ago?</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">一年前你是一名英语老师吗?</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">Did you buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon?</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">昨天下午你买了一条黄裙子吗?</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 700;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">What were you one year ago?</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: 'PingFang SC', Arial, 微软雅黑, 宋体, simsun, sans-serif; line-height: 30px;"> <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px;">一年前你是做什么的?</span></p>
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